Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Red yeast rice extract’s impact on liver health: a pharmacological and metabolomic exploration

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1771594

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of liver functional and inflammatory factors in serum ( n = 6). (A–I) Expression of ALT, AST, ALT/AST, ƴ-GT, ALP, ALB, TBiL, DBiL, TBA in serum. (J – M) Expression of inflammation indexes TNF- α , IL-4, IL-1 β , and TGF- β in serum. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 via CON group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 via MOD group.

Article Snippet: TNF- α (cat: EK382-01), TGF- β (cat: EK981-01), IL-4 (cat: EK304-01), IL-1β (cat: EK301BHS-01) rat kits were purchased from Multisciences (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Interferon-stimulated gene 15 small interfering RNA-loaded polarized mesoporous silica nanocarriers remodel the immune microenvironment to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction heart failure

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102631

Figure Lengend Snippet: pMSNC@ISG15 siRNA alleviates cardiomyocyte injury. Note: (A) Schematic diagram of the experimental workflow for simulating the immune microenvironment of Post-MI HF via PRCM and BMDM co-culture; (B–C) Western blot analysis of ISG15 protein expression in a CoCl 2 -induced hypoxia model; (D) RT-qPCR analysis of ISG15 mRNA levels in the same model; (E) ELISA quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) in co-culture supernatants; (F) Assessment of CK and CK-MB release; (G) Measurement of LDH release; (H) Detection of cTnI levels; (I) CCK-8 assay evaluating cell viability. All cell-based experiments were performed in triplicate. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 indicate statistical significance between groups.

Article Snippet: Inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were quantified using ELISA kits from R&D Systems (catalog numbers R1000, DB100C, RTA00-1, and RLB00-1, respectively).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, CCK-8 Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Interferon-stimulated gene 15 small interfering RNA-loaded polarized mesoporous silica nanocarriers remodel the immune microenvironment to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction heart failure

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102631

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modulation of macrophage phenotype by pMSNC@ISG15 siRNA. Note: (A) Live/Dead fluorescence staining showing the viability of PRCMs and BMDMs treated with pMSNC@ISG15 siRNA at various time points (bar = 25, 50 μm); (B) Experimental workflow illustrating the regulatory effect of ISG15 siRNA-loaded pMSNCs on M2 macrophage activation; (C–D) Flow cytometry analysis of pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage subsets; (E–F) IF staining of macrophage markers iNOS and Arg-1 (bar = 12, 25 μm); (G–J) ELISA quantification of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). All cell-based experiments were performed in triplicate. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 indicates statistical significance between groups.

Article Snippet: Inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were quantified using ELISA kits from R&D Systems (catalog numbers R1000, DB100C, RTA00-1, and RLB00-1, respectively).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining, Activation Assay, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Interferon-stimulated gene 15 small interfering RNA-loaded polarized mesoporous silica nanocarriers remodel the immune microenvironment to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction heart failure

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102631

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic effect of pMSNC@ISG15 siRNA in preventing Post-MI HF. Note: (A) Schematic diagram illustrating the experimental procedure, in which drug-loaded functionalized silica nanoparticles deliver ISG15 siRNA to suppress immune cell activation in the cardiac microenvironment and reverse post-MI HF; (B–D) Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function across different treatment groups; (E) ECG analysis of cardiac function in each group; (F) ELISA quantification of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) in treated rats; (G) Measurement of LDH release to assess myocardial injury across groups; (H) Detection of cTnI levels as a marker of myocardial damage; (I) DHE fluorescent probe assay to measure ROS levels in myocardial tissue from each treatment group. Each group included 10 animals. ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 indicate statistical significance between groups.

Article Snippet: Inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β) were quantified using ELISA kits from R&D Systems (catalog numbers R1000, DB100C, RTA00-1, and RLB00-1, respectively).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Marker

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Glycogen Hydrogel Loaded with Schistosoma japonicas Peptide SJMHE1 Improves Skin Wound Healing

doi: 10.3390/biom16030392

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophages treated with SJMHE1 promote fibroblast and HUVEC migration through TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and VEGFA expression. ( A ) TGF-β1 protein expression in RAW264.7 cells assessed by Western blotting. ( B ) p-Smad3 protein expression in L929cells assessed by Western blotting. ( C ) Relative mRNA expression of COL1a1 in L929 cells. ( D ) Cell scratch assay and number of migrating L929 cells (scale bar = 200 μm). ( E ) p-Smad3 protein expression in HUVECs assessed by Western blotting. ( F ) Cell scratch assay and migration of HUVECs (scale bar = 200 μm). ( G ) VEGFA expression in THP-1-induced macrophages. ( H ) Representative images of vascular network formation and tube length quantification in HUVECs in vitro (scale bar = 200 μm). Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ns = no significance, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001. Original Western blot images are provided in the .

Article Snippet: After washing with PBS, L929 cells and HUVECs were treated with the following low-serum (2% FBS) conditioned media: CM-Control, CM-SJMHE1, CM-SJMHE1 supplemented with 5 μg/mL TGF-β1 neutralising antibody (BE0057, Bio X Cell, Lebanon, PA, USA), or normal medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 recombinant protein (HY- P70648 , MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Migration, Expressing, Western Blot, Wound Healing Assay, In Vitro

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Glycogen Hydrogel Loaded with Schistosoma japonicas Peptide SJMHE1 Improves Skin Wound Healing

doi: 10.3390/biom16030392

Figure Lengend Snippet: SJMHE1-gel treatment increases TGF-β1, p-Smad3, and VEGFA expression in mice. ( A ) Representative immunohistochemical staining images of TGF-β1, p-Smad3, and VEGFA on day 7 (scale bar = 50 μm). ( B ) Quantification of TGF-β1, p-Smad3 ( C ) and VEGFA ( D ) expression. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 6). ns = no significance, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: After washing with PBS, L929 cells and HUVECs were treated with the following low-serum (2% FBS) conditioned media: CM-Control, CM-SJMHE1, CM-SJMHE1 supplemented with 5 μg/mL TGF-β1 neutralising antibody (BE0057, Bio X Cell, Lebanon, PA, USA), or normal medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 recombinant protein (HY- P70648 , MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Anti-Inflammatory Response of New Postbiotics in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like HaCaT Keratinocytes

doi: 10.3390/cimb46060364

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of MB-2006 and other strains on cell viability. The HaCaT cells were treated with MB-2006 (1 × 10 7 , 1 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 9 cells/mL of culture supernatant), and LAC and LRH (1 × 10 7 , 1 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 9 cells/mL of PBS). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3).

Article Snippet: The HaCaT cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 10 5 cells/well and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Then, the cultured HaCaT cells were treated with MB-2006 and other postbiotics (LAC and LRH) at concentrations of 1 × 10 7 , 1 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 9 cells/mL for 1 h. The pretreated HaCaT cells were stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Neapolis, MN, USA) and IFN-γ (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to induce an AD-like physiological state.

Techniques:

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Anti-Inflammatory Response of New Postbiotics in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like HaCaT Keratinocytes

doi: 10.3390/cimb46060364

Figure Lengend Snippet: MB-2006 and other strains affect the expression of cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT keratinocytes. Evolution of cytokines in concentration at 1 × 10 7 bacteria/mL ( ), 1 × 10 8 bacteria/mL ( ) and 1 × 10 9 bacteria/mL (■). ( A ) Interleukin (IL)-4, ( B ) IL-13, ( C ) thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP), ( D ) IL-31, and ( E ) IL-10. The bars indicate the mean ± SD, and significant differences are shown in comparison to T + I (TNF-α/IFN-γ only treated group). # p < 0.001 vs. the negative control; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. T + I.

Article Snippet: The HaCaT cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 10 5 cells/well and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Then, the cultured HaCaT cells were treated with MB-2006 and other postbiotics (LAC and LRH) at concentrations of 1 × 10 7 , 1 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 9 cells/mL for 1 h. The pretreated HaCaT cells were stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Neapolis, MN, USA) and IFN-γ (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to induce an AD-like physiological state.

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay, Bacteria, Comparison, Negative Control

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Anti-Inflammatory Response of New Postbiotics in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like HaCaT Keratinocytes

doi: 10.3390/cimb46060364

Figure Lengend Snippet: MB-2006 and other strains affect the expression of chemokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT keratinocytes. Evolution of chemokines (TARC, and MDC) in concentration at 1 × 10 7 bacteria/mL ( ), 1 × 10 8 bacteria/mL ( ) and 1 × 10 9 bacteria/mL (■). ( A ) Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine(TARC), and ( B ) Macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC). The bars indicate the mean ± SD, and significant differences are shown in comparison to T + I (TNF-α/IFN-γ only treated group). # p < 0.001 vs. the negative control; *** p < 0.001 vs. T + I.

Article Snippet: The HaCaT cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 10 5 cells/well and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Then, the cultured HaCaT cells were treated with MB-2006 and other postbiotics (LAC and LRH) at concentrations of 1 × 10 7 , 1 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 9 cells/mL for 1 h. The pretreated HaCaT cells were stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Neapolis, MN, USA) and IFN-γ (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to induce an AD-like physiological state.

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay, Bacteria, Activation Assay, Derivative Assay, Comparison, Negative Control

Journal: Current Issues in Molecular Biology

Article Title: Anti-Inflammatory Response of New Postbiotics in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like HaCaT Keratinocytes

doi: 10.3390/cimb46060364

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of MB-2006 and other strains on TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced NF-κB activation in HaCaT cells. The protein expression of NF-κB ( A ) was normalized to non-phosphorylated protein. The bars ( B ) indicate the mean ± SD, and significant differences are shown in comparison to T + I (TNF-α/IFN-γ only treated group). # p < 0.001 vs. the negative control; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 vs. T + I.

Article Snippet: The HaCaT cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 10 5 cells/well and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Then, the cultured HaCaT cells were treated with MB-2006 and other postbiotics (LAC and LRH) at concentrations of 1 × 10 7 , 1 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 9 cells/mL for 1 h. The pretreated HaCaT cells were stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Neapolis, MN, USA) and IFN-γ (10 ng/mL; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to induce an AD-like physiological state.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Comparison, Negative Control